{
 "dataset": "housing-affordability",
 "title": "What a home costs against what a household earns",
 "subject": "7 counties · 2011-2015 through 2020-2024 · 70 county-windows",
 "source": "U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-year subject tables B19013, B25064, B25077, B09021, B25003",
 "scope": "every county, every survey window",
 "built_from": "website/api/_data/twincities_affordability.json",
 "read_before_quoting": "CONSECUTIVE VINTAGES SHARE FOUR OF FIVE YEARS. These are ACS 5-year estimates, so 2024 covers 2020-2024 and 2023 covers 2019-2023. A year-over-year move is a fifth of a real move and the series is smoothed by construction — quote endpoints far apart, never adjacent pairs. INCOME AND RENT ARE IN EACH VINTAGE'S OWN DOLLARS, so a difference between two vintages is NOMINAL; the price-to-income ratio is the comparison that needs no deflator. `median_home_value` is the SELF-REPORTED value of owner-occupied homes, which is what an owner thinks their house is worth and not what anything sold for — the recorded sale prices in the county parcel tables are the sale figure. A COUNTY IS NOT A HOUSING MARKET: seven counties give seven numbers and the spread inside one of them is larger than the spread between them. There is deliberately no metro row for income, rent or value — those are medians, and a metro median is not recoverable from seven county medians by any arithmetic. The two metro figures that do appear are counts of people, which do add up. `living_with_a_parent` is the Bureau's own \"child of householder\" category for 18-to-34-year-olds, so it counts an adult living in a parent's household and NOT a parent who has moved into their adult child's home — the arrow only points one way. And it says nothing about why: a graduate student, a caregiver and someone priced out are one row here.",
 "licence": {
  "attribution": "Brick & Mortar — https://brickandmortar.dev/",
  "authorities": [
   "U.S. Census Bureau"
  ],
  "basis": "A work of the United States government, which is not subject to copyright protection in the U.S. (17 U.S.C. § 105).",
  "id": "CC BY 4.0",
  "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
 },
 "columns": [
  {
   "key": "county",
   "label": "county"
  },
  {
   "key": "acs_period",
   "label": "survey window"
  },
  {
   "key": "value_to_income",
   "label": "home value ÷ income"
  },
  {
   "key": "rent_pct_of_income",
   "label": "rent as % of income"
  },
  {
   "key": "living_with_a_parent_pct",
   "label": "18-34 living with a parent"
  }
 ],
 "rows": [
  {
   "county": "Anoka County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2011-2015 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.65,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.4,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.1
  },
  {
   "county": "Anoka County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2012-2016 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.63,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.3,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.5
  },
  {
   "county": "Anoka County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2013-2017 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.67,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.2,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.8
  },
  {
   "county": "Anoka County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2014-2018 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.74,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.4,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.6
  },
  {
   "county": "Anoka County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2015-2019 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.83,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.3,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.2
  },
  {
   "county": "Anoka County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2016-2020 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.9,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.5,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.1
  },
  {
   "county": "Anoka County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2017-2021 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.95,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.6,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 37.7
  },
  {
   "county": "Anoka County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2018-2022 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.16,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 37.1
  },
  {
   "county": "Anoka County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2019-2023 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.3,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 37.1
  },
  {
   "county": "Anoka County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2020-2024 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.4,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17.2,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 37.7
  },
  {
   "county": "Carver County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2011-2015 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.09,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 13.2,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 35.2
  },
  {
   "county": "Carver County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2012-2016 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.13,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 13.2,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 35.8
  },
  {
   "county": "Carver County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2013-2017 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.09,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 12.9,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 35.7
  },
  {
   "county": "Carver County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2014-2018 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.08,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 13.3,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 36.6
  },
  {
   "county": "Carver County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2015-2019 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.09,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 13.5,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 37.6
  },
  {
   "county": "Carver County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2016-2020 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.21,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 13.5,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.7
  },
  {
   "county": "Carver County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2017-2021 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.27,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 13.8,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.2
  },
  {
   "county": "Carver County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2018-2022 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.44,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 14.3,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 40
  },
  {
   "county": "Carver County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2019-2023 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.47,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 14.1,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 39.1
  },
  {
   "county": "Carver County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2020-2024 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.6,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 14.4,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.4
  },
  {
   "county": "Dakota County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2011-2015 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.92,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 15.4,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 32.1
  },
  {
   "county": "Dakota County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2012-2016 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.93,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 15.6,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 32.5
  },
  {
   "county": "Dakota County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2013-2017 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.98,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 15.9,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 33.8
  },
  {
   "county": "Dakota County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2014-2018 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.03,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.1,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 35.3
  },
  {
   "county": "Dakota County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2015-2019 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.09,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.4,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 35.3
  },
  {
   "county": "Dakota County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2016-2020 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.17,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.8,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 34.5
  },
  {
   "county": "Dakota County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2017-2021 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.14,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.5,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 35.2
  },
  {
   "county": "Dakota County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2018-2022 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.37,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.7,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 34.5
  },
  {
   "county": "Dakota County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2019-2023 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.44,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17.1,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 33.1
  },
  {
   "county": "Dakota County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2020-2024 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.58,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17.5,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 34.1
  },
  {
   "county": "Hennepin County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2011-2015 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.48,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17.3,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 21.3
  },
  {
   "county": "Hennepin County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2012-2016 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.47,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17.3,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 21.2
  },
  {
   "county": "Hennepin County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2013-2017 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.45,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17.4,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 21.3
  },
  {
   "county": "Hennepin County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2014-2018 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.51,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17.6,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 21
  },
  {
   "county": "Hennepin County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2015-2019 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.54,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17.4,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 21.1
  },
  {
   "county": "Hennepin County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2016-2020 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.6,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17.4,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 21.1
  },
  {
   "county": "Hennepin County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2017-2021 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.62,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17.5,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 21.2
  },
  {
   "county": "Hennepin County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2018-2022 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.87,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17.8,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 20.8
  },
  {
   "county": "Hennepin County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2019-2023 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.91,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17.9,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 19.7
  },
  {
   "county": "Hennepin County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2020-2024 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 4.02,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 18.3,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 19.9
  },
  {
   "county": "Ramsey County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2011-2015 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.45,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 18.5,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 24
  },
  {
   "county": "Ramsey County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2012-2016 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.45,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 18.5,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 24.5
  },
  {
   "county": "Ramsey County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2013-2017 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.46,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 18.6,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 25.2
  },
  {
   "county": "Ramsey County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2014-2018 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.52,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 18.7,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 25
  },
  {
   "county": "Ramsey County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2015-2019 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.55,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 18.7,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 25.6
  },
  {
   "county": "Ramsey County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2016-2020 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.55,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 18.9,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 26.1
  },
  {
   "county": "Ramsey County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2017-2021 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.57,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 18.8,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 25.8
  },
  {
   "county": "Ramsey County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2018-2022 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.7,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 18.7,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 25.4
  },
  {
   "county": "Ramsey County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2019-2023 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.76,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 19.2,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 24.7
  },
  {
   "county": "Ramsey County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2020-2024 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 4,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 19.6,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 24.1
  },
  {
   "county": "Scott County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2011-2015 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.82,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 14,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 34
  },
  {
   "county": "Scott County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2012-2016 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.86,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 14.4,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 36
  },
  {
   "county": "Scott County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2013-2017 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.92,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 14.6,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.2
  },
  {
   "county": "Scott County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2014-2018 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.92,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 14,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.4
  },
  {
   "county": "Scott County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2015-2019 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.93,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 13.7,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.3
  },
  {
   "county": "Scott County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2016-2020 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.07,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 14.1,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.2
  },
  {
   "county": "Scott County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2017-2021 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.05,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 14.1,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 37.6
  },
  {
   "county": "Scott County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2018-2022 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.18,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 14.4,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.8
  },
  {
   "county": "Scott County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2019-2023 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.27,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 14.8,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 37.7
  },
  {
   "county": "Scott County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2020-2024 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.52,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 15.8,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 40.1
  },
  {
   "county": "Washington County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2011-2015 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.91,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.4,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.1
  },
  {
   "county": "Washington County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2012-2016 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.92,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.5,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.6
  },
  {
   "county": "Washington County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2013-2017 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.95,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.7,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.7
  },
  {
   "county": "Washington County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2014-2018 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.5,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 39.5
  },
  {
   "county": "Washington County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2015-2019 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 2.99,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.2,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 40.9
  },
  {
   "county": "Washington County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2016-2020 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.08,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 16.3,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 39.9
  },
  {
   "county": "Washington County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2017-2021 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.19,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17.2,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.7
  },
  {
   "county": "Washington County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2018-2022 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.42,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17.1,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.7
  },
  {
   "county": "Washington County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2019-2023 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.5,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17.2,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.7
  },
  {
   "county": "Washington County, Minnesota",
   "acs_period": "2020-2024 ACS 5-year",
   "value_to_income": 3.66,
   "rent_pct_of_income": 17.8,
   "living_with_a_parent_pct": 38.1
  }
 ]
}